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【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了美国各地学区试图解决大量学生对心理健康支持的需求,俄亥俄 州一所农村高中让学生参与其中,一群学生接受了心理健康急救培训,他们通过发现同学的心理健康间题 早期迹象米帮助同学 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“At Claymont High School in Uhrichsville,,Ohio,a group of about21high schoolers are trained in mental health first aid.They've taken courses to lear how to help their peers who are going through a difficult time.(在俄亥俄州乌里奇斯维尔的克莱蒙特高中,大约2】名高中生接受了心理健康 急数培训,他们参加了课程,学习如何帮助正在经历困难时期的同龄人)”可知,这群来自克莱蒙特高中的 学生为他们的同学提供支持。故选D。 29.词义猜测题。根据第三段“The students,who are in grades 10 through 12,are part of a larger program called Peers Uplifting Peers,or PUP,which helps to break down the stigma around mental health and wellness and normalize having conversations about both and seeking professional help when hecessary.(这些I0到I2年级 的学生是一个名为“同伴激励同伴”(简称PUP)的更大项日的一部分,该项日有助于打破围绕心理健康和 保健的stigma,.使关于这两方面的对话正常化,并在必要时寻求专业帮助以及第五段“Despite a national conversation around mental health.the context may be different in rural areas like Uhrichsville where people feel ashamed of discussing mental health.(尽管全国都在讨论心理健康问题,但在像乌里奇斯维尔这样的农村地区 情况可能有所不同,那里的人们羞于谈论心理健康问题)”可知,该项目有助于打破围绕心理健康和保健的 耻辱感。所以“stigma'”意思是“耻辱,羞愧”,与“shame”意思最接近。故选D, 30.推理判断题。根据第四段"Students are helping out by picking up on early waming signs..They are noticing that maybe somcone is having a hard day or is just sitting by themselves,"said Kelsi Barnhart,the school's ssistant principal..(该校副校长凯尔西·巴恩哈特说:“学生们通过发现早期预警信号来提供帮助。他们注意 到也许有人度过了艰难的一天,或者只是独自坐着,"”可推知,巴恩哈特认为这些接受过培训的学生是最 先注意到间题的人。故选A。 3l.主台大意题。根据最后一段Despite a national conversation around mental health,the context may be different in rural areas like Uhrichsville where people feel ashamed of discussing mental health."It's hard to talk about mental health out loud,"said Bridget Britton,a licensed social worker.Getting to a therapist can also be a challenge since most rural areas do not have the bus and rail systems found in urban communities.There are also financial barriers."Many rural residents work on farms,which often don't provide workers with health insurance." shs解d.(尽管全国都在讨论心理健康问题,但在像乌里奇斯维尔这样的农村地区情况可能有所不同,那里 的人们羞于谈论心理健康问题。持照社会工作者布里奇特·布里顿说:“很难大声谈论心理健康问题。”去 看治疗师也可德是一个挑战,因为大多数农村地区没有城市社区那样的公共汽车和铁路系统。还有经济障碍。她说:“许多农村居民在农场工作,农场往往不为工人提供健康保险")”可知,最后一段主要讲了农村 地区在心理健康方面面临的挑战,包括人们羞于谈论、交通不便以及经济障碍等。故选B。 32.D 33.A34.A35.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述A1在理解人类意图方面仍落后于人类,Shu团队尝试改进模型。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“As social creatures,,humans can predict one another's emotions and mental states from a range of sources:watching their actions,listening to their conversations,keaming from their past behaviors, and so on.Cognitive(认知的)researchers call this the“Theory of Mind,.”or ToM.(作为社会性生物,人类能够通 过多种逸径预测他人的情绪和心理状态:观察他们的行为、倾听对话、了解过往行为等。认知研究者将这 种能力称为“心智理论”,简称ToM)”可知,ToM被描述为人类推断他人情绪和心理状态的能力。故选D。 33.i词句猜测题.根据第五段"The team found that humans became better at understanding others'intentions when they tapped into varied sourees of information.In contrast,even the most advanced Al models-such as OpenAl's GPT-4V-struggled with such tasks,often confusing what was actually happening with what a person believed was happening and having difficulty tracking changes in people's thoughts over time,(研究小组发现,当人类 acdi№不同的信息来源时,他们会更好地理解他人的意图。相比之下,即便是最先进的人工智能模型 (如OpenAl的GPT-4V)也难以完成此类任务一它们经常混淆客观事实与主观认知,且难以追踪人们随 时间变化的思维轨迹。)”可知,这里将人工智能与人类进行对比,人工智能模型经常混淆客观事实与主观认 知,即在使用这些信息时,难以准确理解他们。由此推断,划线单词的含义是“使用”。故选A。 34.推理判断题.根据最后一段Based on these findings,Shu's team created their own model.Their approach first translates the video and text inputs into a type of signal it can understand,capturing the physical scene and the actions of the person within it.Then,instead of directly mapping these to the person's beliefs and goals,the model uses a combination of Bayesian inverse planning-a cognitive method originally designed for visual data and smaller language models fine tuned on human activity data to predict the most likely possible actions.(基于这些研 究发现,Su教授的团队开发了专属模型。该模型首先将视频和文本输入转化为可识别的信号格式,完整捕 捉物理场景及其中人物的行为特征,与直接将数据映射到人物信念和目标不同,该模型创新性地结合了贝 叶斯逆向规划(一种最初为视觉数据设计的认知方法)和基于人类行为数据微调的小型语言模型,从而预 测最可能发生的后续行为。)”可知,该段介绍了Su团队模型的构建方法,接下来很可能讨论该模型的表现 或实验结果。故选A。 35.主旨大意题.根据第一段"Cognitive(认知的)researchers call this the“Theory of Mind,"or ToM.(认知研究 者将这种能力称为“心智理论"简称ToM)”,第二段“Although it excels in many areas,.artificial intelligence doesn't match humans in this regard一at least not yet(尽管人工智能在许多领域表现出色,但在心智理论方面 尚无法与人类比肩一至少目前如此。)”,第三段“To explore whether Al models can understand humans byusing information from multiple sources,Shu and his team created the first standardized dataset that reflects the true complexities of the reasoning tasks encountered by rea-world Al systems..(为了探究AI模型是否能通过整 合多源信息来理解人类,Su教授团队创建了首个标准化数据集,该数据集真实反映了现实AI系统在推理 任务中面临的复杂性。)”可知,文章主要讨论“心智理论一T©M”,即AI在理解人类意图方面的不足,并介 绍Shu团队的改进尝试。选项C“A's Drawback in Grasping Human Intentions(人工智能在理解人类意图方 面的缺陷)”与文章内容匹配,适合作标题。故选C。 36.F 37.C38.A39.B40.G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了社区花园在当今社会中的重要作用,包括为人们提供逃离城市喧 器的空间、促进不同背景的人交流、保护生物多样性、保障食物安全以及有益身心健康等。 36."In a world facing serious environmental challenges and a growing disconnection from nature, community gardens have emerged as drivers for positive changes.These gardens are beneficial to urban residents and play an important role in shaping an environmentally sustainable society.(在一个面临严重环境挑战和人与自 然日益脱节的世界里,社区花园已成为积极变化的推动力量。这些花园对城市居民有益,在塑造环境可持 续发展的社会中发挥着重要作用)”可知,选项承接上文继续说明社区花园对居民的益处。故F选项“它们让 人们与自然互动,与彼此互动,享受更好的生活”切愿。故选F。 37.根据上文"Community gardens offer an escape from the chaos of fast-paced urban life.(社区花园为人们提供 了一个逃离快节奏城市生活混乱的地方)”可知,透项承接上文说明社区花园的作用。故C选项“更重要的是, 它们让个人与自然重新建立联系”切题。故选C项。 38.根据上文"“Community gardens serve as inclusive spaces where people from diverse backgrounds come together with a shared passion for nature and sustainability.(社区花园是包容性的空间,不同背景的人因对自然 和可持续性的共同热情面聚集在一起)以及下文“They provide a friendly environment for social bonds.As gardeners tend to plants side by side,they build meaningful conneetions,making community gardens not just places for growing plants but also for nurturing relationships.(它们为社会联系提供了友好的环境,当园丁们并肩 照料植物时,他们建立了有意义的联系,使社区花园不仅是种植植物的地方,也是培养关系的地方)”可知, 选项承接上下文说明这些空间不仅仅是物理意义上的花园,还具有更多的社会意义。故A选项“这些空间超 越了单纯的物理花园”切题。故选A。 39.Through local,organic and sustainable practices,community gardeners take an active role in securing their food sources while reducing the environmental impact associated with conventional agriculture and long-distance transportation.(通过本地、有机和可持续的做法,社区园丁在确保食物来源方面发挥积极作用, 网时减少与传统农业和长途运输相关的环境影响)”可知,选项引起下文说明花园在粮食方面产生的作用,故B选项社区花园还解决了粮食安全这一紧迫问题”切题。故选B。
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