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A.They felt doubtful. B.They felt quite pleased. C.It was within their imagination. D.It was out of their expectation. 【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了密敬根州西部的一对老年夫妇在去世后，给当地社区留下了 超过300万美元的遗产，其中包括给多个家庭意想不到的巨额馈赠。文章通过讲述Hatches夫妇的故事， 展现了邻里间互帮互助的美好品质。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A year ago in August,.Dave Fuss lost his job of driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan.His wife,Gerrie,was still working in the local school cafeteria,but work for Dave was scarce,and the price of everything was rising.(一年前的8月，Dave Fuss失去了在密数根州西部一家小公司开 卡车的工作。他的妻子Gerrie仍在当地学校的自助餐厅工作，但Davc的工作很少，而且所有东西的价格 都在上涨。)”可知，Dv心之前在密歇根州西部的一家小公司开大卡车，失业后他很难找到工作，而他的 妻子Gerrie在当地学校的食堂工作。因此，Dave失业后找工作很困难。故选D. 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Children of the Great Depression,Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They liked comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store,checking prices before making a new purchase.(作为大萧条时期的孩子，Ish和Arlene以储蓄的习惯而闻名。他们喜欢货比三家， 经常从一家店逛到另一家店，在买新东西之前查看价格。)”可知，Hat©hes夫妇是大萧条时期的孩子，以 节俭著称，喜欢货比三家，在购物前会一家一家商店地比较价格。因此，他们是通过节省和积累获得了超 过300万美元的财富。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Through the years,the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn'tafford it.(多年来，Hatches在当地孩子的父母负担不起的情况下资助他们参加夏 令营，)”可知，Hatches夫妇多年来一直为当地负担不起费用的孩子支付夏令营的费用。因此，他们这样 做是因为这些孩子的父母没有足够的钱。故选A, 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money,more than $3 million-they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.(几乎所有人都 惊讶于Hatches夫妇有这么多钱，超过300万美元一一他们是一对老年夫妇，住在家族农场遗留下来的老 房子里。)”可知，Hatches夫妇拥有超过300万美元的财富让几乎所有人都感到惊讶，因此几乎所有人都 认为Hatches夫妇拥有这么多财富是出乎意料的。故选D。 C Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona,in north-eastern Spain,for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town.There are injuries and deaths every year,but the event is of interest to many people.A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore.Architects,civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions().Unfortunately,solid information is hard to obtain.Daniel Parisi,the paper's lead author,realized that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr.Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2023,and filmed the runners as the animals were released.Later in the lab,they calculated the speed of the runners,the density ( of the crowd,the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly,the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near.Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd,which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death. Yet it seems that,in the heat of the moment,people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other,and do not slow down.The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels,bridges and other passages that restrict the flow.The only option may well be to make them wider. 8 What does the paper concentrate on? A.How six fighting bulls appeal to so many people. B.How bull-runs cause injuries and deaths every year. C.How six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town D.How bull-runs affect frightened people's minds and behaviours. 9.Why is a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack mentioned in paragraph 2? A.People should learn how to deal with such disasters in a proper way. B.People can behave in the same way as they do when bulls run in the city. C.Architects,civil engineers and urban planners often consider such disasters. D.Architects,civil engineers and urban planners sometimes ignore such disasters. 10.What is the long-held assumption when there is a dangerous situation? A.People may lose their minds in disasters. B.People will slow down in crowded areas. C.People tend to speed up in high-density crowds. D.People in panicked crowds can be unaware of the collision. 11.How did Dr.Parisi and his team carry out their research? A.By observing the event and analyzing the information. B.By using the method of reasoning and judging. C.By consulting the organizers of the bull-runs. D.By doing experiments with some volunteers. 【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了西班牙潘普洛纳奔牛节上人群在恐慌状态下的奔跑行为为心 理学家提供了研究机会，研究人员通过观察和实验发现人群密度增加时个体奔跑速度反而加快，这与传统 建筑设计理念中人们为避免碰撞而放慢典步的假设相悖，因此城市设计师需要更好地规划未来限制人流的 隧道、桥梁等通道的建设，可能需要增加其宽度以提高安全性。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.(一篇刚刚发表在《科学》杂志上的论文描述了这一事件对恐 慌人群心 理的启示。)”可知，这篇论文主要关注的是奔牛节是如何影响恐慌人群的心理和行为的。因此，选项 D“How bull-runs affect frightened people's minds and behaviours.(奔牛节是如何影响恐：慌人群的心理和行为 的)”符合题意。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Architects,.civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞).（建筑师、土木工程师和城市规划者必须设法了解人们 在火灾、洪水或恐怖袭击等灾难中的行为方式，以便他们设计建筑时可以避免潜在的致命碰撞。)”和第 三句“Unfortunately,solid information is hard to obtain."(不幸的是，很难获得确切的信息。)以及第四句 "Daniel Parisi,the paper's lead author,realized that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment. (这篇论文的主要作者丹尼尔·帕里西意识到，潘普洛纳的奔牛节提供了一个完美的自然实验。)”可知， 建筑师、土木工程师和城市规划者在设计时会考虑像火灾、洪水或恐怖袭击等灾难的情况，但很难获得确 切的信息，而潘普洛纳的奔牛节为他们提供了一个自然的实验场景，可以通过观察人们在奔牛节中的行为 来推测他们在灾难中的行为。因此，提到这些灾难是为了说明人们在奔牛节中的行为和在灾难中的行为可 能相似，选项B“People can behave in the same way as they do when bulls run in the city.(人们在城市中看到 牛奔跑时的行为和在灾难中的行为可能相同)”符合题意。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解愿。根据文章第四段最后一句“which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,.perhaps,injury or death.(这与建筑和城市设计领域长期以来的一个假 设相悖，即随着人群密度的增加，人们会放慢脚步，以降低碰鐘的风险，这可能导致摔倒，甚至可能造成 伤害或死亡。)”可知，在危险情况下，人们通常会放慢脚步以避免碰撞，这是长期以来的一个假设。因 此，选项B“People will slow down in crowded areas.(在拥挤的地区人们会放慢脚步)”符合题意。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Dr.Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July2023,and filmed the runners as the animals were released..(2023年7月，帕里西博士和他的团队前往潘 普洛纳两个不同的屋顶位置，拍摄了动物被释放时奔跑的人们。)”和“Later in the lab,they calculated the speed of the runners,the density (of the crowd,the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed..(后来，在实验室里，他们计算了奔跑者的速度、人群的 密度、奔跑者绊倒和摔倒的可能性以及奔跑者群体密度与速度之间的关系。)”可知，怕里西博士和他的 团队是通过观 察奔牛节事件并分析收集到的信息，来进行研究的。因此，选项A“By observing the event and analyzing the
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